Code of Ethics in Malaysia

Rev. : 0 Date : 9. 8. 2005 BEM/RD/PPC/12 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO CODE OF ETHICS FOR YOUNG ENGINEERS Serial No: 0021 INTRODUCTION The Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) has, from time to time, received enquiries and complaints from the public about the conduct of engineers in relation to the Registration of Engineers Act. BEM has, therefore, produced the guidelines herein that outline the conduct expected of engineers. These guidelines are set out under a number of broad areas relating to the engineering profession.Do's & Don’ ts 1) Registration Under the Registration of Engineers Act 1967 (Act 138) and subsequent amendments, the most recent being year 2002, it is a requirement of the Law that any person providing engineering services be a qualified person and registered with the Board of Engineers Malaysia. This requirement extends to foreigners who are required to seek registration as Temporary Engineers. The Do’ and Don’ s ts below relate to the requirement of thi s Act. DO's 1. 1 An engineering graduate with accredited engineering degree must register with the Board of Engineers to take up employment as an engineer DON’ Ts 1. 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 5 An engineer should not be the Submitting Person for designs beyond his/her area of competency An engineer should not endorse his PE Stamp and sign on reports or plans not prepared by him. (see also Consultancy – 2. 3 of Don’ ) t An engineer should not enter into partnership with any party not permitted under the Engineers Act. An Engineering Consultancy Practice should not provide professional services in any branch of engineering where none of its directors are registered to practise in that branch of engineering. An engineer must not practise in the branch of engineering he is not registered in. ) Consultancy In the Registration of Engineers Act 1967 (Revised 2002), provision is included for the registration of Accredited Checkers and the requirement of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) beginning year 2005. DO's 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 2. 9 An engineer should be transparent and receptive to peer review or checking of his work if requested/required by the client/authorities. A checker engineer must be open to the views and design concept of the original designer and in areas of disagreement, the checker must give justification for his disagreement.A checker engineer should take full responsibility for the checking of the work himself. An engineer should undertake continuing professional development to enhance his knowledge and capability. An employer engineer should ensure that his employee engineers are bona fide engineers registered with BEM. An engineer should report unethical practice to BEM. An engineer who is a Submitting Person must ensure the accuracy of and be responsible for all works delegated to others by him. An engineer should make optimum use of manpower, materials and money.An engineer should be aware of Government r equirement to use local materials, wherever possible. DON’ Ts 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 2. 9 A checker engineer should not accept checking of work not within his area of competency as well as work that he is not familiar with. An engineering consultant should not carry out projects for fees below the minimum outlined in the scale of fees. An engineer should not endorse any work not performed and/or supervised by him. An engineer should not supplant another engineer.An engineer should not compromise on public safety. An engineer should not offer his opinion on engineering matters unless he has full facts to support the opinion. An engineer should not base his design on unsubstantiated data, for example designing foundation without soil investigation. An engineer should not have any conflict of interest whatsoever in connection with the work he is undertaking unless prior approval from BEM and client are obtained. An engineer should not accept work outside his reg ular work without the expressed permission of his employer. 1 3)Supervision The supervision of works designed by the Submitting Engineer is a requirement under the Uniform Building By-Law 5 (UBBL 5). This ByLaw states that supervision must be provided by the Submitting Engineer to ensure that the works carried out are as intended in the design. Delegation of supervision is permitted but the responsibility of this supervision still rests with the Submitting Engineer. DO's 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 3. 5 3. 6 An engineer who is the Submitting Person should be responsible for the project regardless of whether it is self-supervised and/or delegated supervision.An engineer must be meticulously proper and correct in certification of works. An engineer must be familiar with and knowledgeable in the work he is to supervise. An employer engineer shall ensure that his staff undergoes regular and proper skills-training. An engineer supervising a project shall keep proper records of all documents and correspondence pertaining to the project. An engineer must be conversant with time and cost implications in the issuance of any instruction. DON’ Ts 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 3. 5 3. 6 An engineer must not over or under certify progress of works.An engineer must not make wrongful certifications. An engineer must not certify work not within his expertise. An engineer must not accept site supervisory staff who are not qualified or are incompetent. An engineer must not delay approvals without justification. An engineer must not intentionally delay inspection of works. 4) Regulatory Requirements All engineers registered with the Board of Engineers Malaysia must be familiar with the requirements of the Registration of Engineers Act 1967 (Act 138) and its subsequent amendments. Ignorance of the requirements of this Act is no defense in the Courts of Law in Malaysia.DO's 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4 An engineer should notify the relevant authorities (within reasonable/statutory time limit) on chan ges in designs or withdrawal of services. An engineer should submit completed forms in time for inspection and approval for Certificate of Fitness / Certificate of Completion and Compliance. An engineer should be aware of environmental, health and safety matters during and after construction. An engineer should ensure that environmental, health and safety measures are implemented as per drawings and specifications.DON’ Ts 4. 1 4. 2 An engineer should not allow works to proceed before plans are submitted to and/or approved by the relevant authorities. An engineer should not undertake a project for which the client is not going to fulfill statutory requirements. 5) Code of Ethics All engineers are expected to uphold the integrity of the profession by behaving in a manner expected of him in the Code of Conduct of Engineers. DO's 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 An engineer must be conversant with the Code of Conduct of Engineers.An engineer must understand the need for responsibility and liabilit y as stipulated in the Code of Conduct. An engineer must respond promptly to complaints and enquiries by clients /authorities. DON’ Ts 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4 An engineer should not solicit/ tout. An engineer should not knowingly mislead the public by giving misrepresented information so as to gain commercial advantage/mileage. An engineer should not respond to an open advertisement to bid for provision of professional service if such provision for the service requires bidding fees or equivalent as is usually imposed on contractors.An engineer should avoid favoritism among vendors and other suppliers. These guidelines are by no means exhaustive and will be updated from time to time to reflect the changing needs of the profession. All engineers are required to be fully familiar with the Registration of Engineers Act 1967 (Act 138), and its subsequent amendments, and the Code of Ethics. The requirements of this Act are to be upheld at all times by the engineering profession. 2

Aboriginal Suicide

Suicide and Healing: Aboriginals Overcoming the Hardships and Barriers Aboriginal peoples have had to endure many tragedies throughout history, which has affected them emotionally and mentally. It is no wonder that this group of people are amongst the highest suicide rates in Canada (Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1995). This is a look at those tragedies and how it is tied in with suicide, also mechanisms used by Aboriginals to start the healing process. Definition of Suicide amongst Aboriginals Suicide and its roots in Aboriginal communities is said to be one of the many outcomes of colonialism and are matters of great concern.The impact of someone dying from suicide affects the family and the community. Many contributing factors of suicide and its attempts in both Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal are as followed: sexual abuse, family violence, solvent abuse, addictions, lack of proper leadership, deterioration of family structure, etc. Studies have shown that the rate of sui cide of all age groups amongst Aboriginals is 2 to 3 times higher than compared to the rate of non-Aboriginals. When it comes to the youth it is 5 to 6 times higher.This could be due to the fact that Aboriginal communities are so close knit that when one commits suicide it causes a ripple effect. That being said we must take into consideration that, â€Å"suicide is not just a problem in itself, but the symptom of deeper problems† (Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1995, p. 2). Residential Schools In the early 19th century the Canadian government took it upon themselves to educate and care for the Aboriginal peoples. They thought that the best way in doing so was to assimilate Aboriginals with Christian beliefs, the English language and Canadian customs.Their idea was that Aboriginals would take their adoptive lifestyle and teach it to their children, with the notion that the native traditions and practices would be diminished or completely abolished within a few genera tions. The Canadian government felt that children were easier to mold than an adult (N. A. , 2010). They wished to minimize the amount of contact a child had with his or her parents and elders, so Aboriginal children were forced to relocate off reserve to a boarding school. Here the children would learn how to survive in mainstream society, and forget who they were and what their culture had taught them.The schools were not geared toward academics, but sought to train them in manual labour and industrial work. These Aboriginal children were forced to live, work and learn in unsafe conditions; due to the fact that facilities were not up to par, and the cheapest of supplies were used to erect the buildings (Kirmayer et al. , 2007). The church officials used punishment to humiliate, undermine and cause pain to the children. For instance, upon arriving at the residential school the children were assigned numbers that would identify them and given severe haircuts; hair has tremendous sym bolism in many Aboriginal cultures.Many of the children were sexually abused, and in most cases it did not stay closeted in the residential schools, but made its way back to the communities where the victims would then become the perpetrators (Kirmayer et al. , 2007). Indian agents saw the Aboriginals extended family living as unfit and unnatural, and sought to shape them into a ‘normal’ nuclear family. Aboriginal children were taking from their homes and placed in residential schools, which were usually located a significant distance off reserve. This made it nearly impossible for the families to visit one another.The children were allowed to write letters in order to keep in contact with their family, but the letters were looked over by the school officials to ensure no complaints were being made about their harsh treatment. This form of assimilation had a harsh impact on aboriginal community, culture and society. It also took a toll on the parenting practices amongst many of the Aboriginal peoples (Kirmayer et al. , 2007). Impacts of Residential Schools When the law that allowed government officials to take Aboriginal children out of their communities passed, the effects were tragic.Many of the surviving adults are still tremendously traumatised, that they find being a good parent and community member troublesome (Alberta Health, 1995). The amount of abuse that Aboriginal children had to endure during those dark times has been connected to the current suffering of their communities. A lot have turned to alcohol and other substances to deal with their pain; this in turn causes dysfunctional family units and communities. Many of the former students cannot speak their languages and more or less feel too ashamed to teach it to their own children.This is because the staff took it upon themselves to punish ever child who acted or spoke like an ‘Indian’. When the children returned home there was a communication failure with their elders, because they were too ashamed to speak in their language; reasons stated earlier on. Since they could not communicate to one another the opportunity to respect their elders and learn their language and culture diminished. The gap on communication also led to a rejection of their traditional values and beliefs, because the elders were the teachers of the community.While attending the school a significant amount of students were victims to sexual abuse at the hands of educators, fellow students and administrators. But, the abuse didn’t stop there the victimized students began internalizing, normalizing and even recreating the sexual abuse within their own communities. They themselves sought the power those of authority once had on them. This in turn added more dysfunction to the family ties with Aboriginal communities. The parents whose children were taken from them felt guilty, like the children blamed them for the reasons they were being taken, they no longer felt needed anym ore.Some may say this is the reason many turned to alcohol and drugs (Kirmayer et al. , 2007). Jealousy and greed were taught in the schools and missions. You fought for bread, you fought for clothes. There was no love involved. You were taken from your family and held in the missions for 10 months straight. The mothers and dads couldn’t exercise their love. Now there are lots of people, who don’t know how to raise kids, because this is what they went through, and that’s what they pass on, because that’s the only thing they know (Alberta Health, 1995, p. 9). The 60’s ScoopThe term Sixties scoop refers to the adoption of Metis and First Nations children that took place during the 1960’s. The name was derived due to the fact that during that decade the number of adoptions that took place in Canada was the highest in its history, in most cases children were literally scooped up from their families and community without the consent of their pare nts and fellow band members. During this time government officials and social works saw the Aboriginal peoples as unfit and could not adequately provide the children with what they needed.One of the reasons they thought this was because their houses were not similar to the Euro-Canadian houses for example; children ate wild meat and bannock and rather than having their cupboards stocked full of food, Aboriginals simply hunted and gathered what was needed. Many of the Aboriginals who were affected saw the removal of their children as a deliberate act of cultural genocide (Sinclair, 2011). About 70% of the children taken from their families were placed in non-Aboriginal homes, many of these homes denied them of their heritage and culture.A vast majority of the foster families told the children they were of a different race such as Italian or French, rather than telling them where they had originally come from. A lot of the children suspected they were of Aboriginal decent, but could n ot confirm it. This was due to the Government policy that birth records could not be issued unless both the child and parent had given their consent. Many of the children floated from foster family to foster family and never really experienced true stability.On numerous occasions Aboriginal children went from loving, caring and well intentioned Aboriginal families; to places of slave labour and physical, sexual and emotional abuse. For, abuse of any kind was not uncommon and usually covered up, to hide just how unjust the government was (Hanson, 2009). Impacts of The 60’s Scoop Many of the children experienced marginalization, identity confusion, attachment disorders, emotional emptiness, abuse, self-hatred, racism and even substance addictions. These experiences later affected their family units and communities, because they were taught that this was right.A study done in Prince Albert penitentiary found that 95% of incarcerated Aboriginals had been in foster care as a child . Also, a vast majority of surviving children are sexually exploited or live on the streets. This tragedy was yet another blow that language and culture amongst Aboriginals peoples had to endure (Kirmayer et al. , 2007). Linking Tragedy to Suicide As stated earlier both of these tragedies have led to further cases of physical and sexual abuse, but there are links between them and the high number of suicides in Aboriginal communities as well. Studies have found hat mental illness, family breakdown and child abuse are higher in those who have experienced these tragedies than those who haven’t. Some of these mental health problems have been diagnosed as residential school syndrome or RSS, some may say that the government spends too much time trying to diagnose them rather than trying to fix the problem. Aboriginal peoples not only suffered during these times, but the long lasting effects still reside with them today. So, Aboriginal peoples are still suffering. In fact, these neg ative consequences have a substantial impact on Aboriginal families and communities.Although many have not been able to cope with their pain, some have gone on to live healthy and successful lives. The many types of abuse these children faced have been very traumatic, and studies have shown that separation from families has the severest impact on one’s mental health. Suicide itself is associated with emotional deprivation, separation of families and losses in early life. That being said, when the children were separated from their families and taken from what was familiar to them during both of these tragedies spoken of earlier, they became high risk (Kirmayer et al. 2007). There are 4 families of related factors of suicide within Aboriginal communities, they are: * Psycho-biological factors- which are the various mental disorders linked with suicide. * Life history or situational factors- which are the trauma one faces in early childhood, dysfunctional family, unable to rela te or trust both peers and members of authority, absence of spiritual and religious beliefs, imprisonment and substance abuse. * Socio-economic factors- unemployment, poverty, stability, prosperity and low class status. Culture stress- the loss of norms, values and beliefs there were originally to taught to one in their own culture (Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1995). Aboriginal Healing Processes Every community and Aboriginal individuals are unique in their own way. But, the beliefs these communities and band members hold are quite similar. In these communities the care and love everyone has for one another is tremendous, they feel a sense of belonging within the larger universe. When looking at any issue within a community the Aboriginal peoples believe that ou can’t just look at one aspect of a person or community, but rather the total person, total community and total environment. In order for a person to be healthy they must take care of themselves as a Ã¢â‚¬Ë œwhole’. For Aboriginal peoples this means that the mind, body, soul and emotional spirits must all work together in order for one to be healthy. They also believe in the circle of life, that in order for the human race to progress we must follow the values of balance and harmony.Traditional healing is very important in the Aboriginal culture, in fact many traditional healers are now working within hospitals all across Canada. But, there are many hardships facing these healers such as; finances, conflict with hospital staff and even Aboriginals who do not value this approach (Alberta Health, 1995). What happens in one stage of a person’s life is interconnected with every other aspect of his or her life. Although many of the children who survived these above tragedies do not remember what happened or do not wish to think about it, they must try to heal and explore in order to keep on surviving.As children, there are limited options, but as an adult we have choices to ov ercome these hardships, whether we choose to or not is totally up to oneself. In order to survive one must follow a positive path and take the following steps into consideration: * Acknowledge that they have been hurt * They must ‘own’ these feelings of hurt and pain. * Explore and try to remember what happened to them. * Learn to share these feelings with people who care and are not judgemental. * Make choices that will help you live in a more positive lifestyle (Mussell et al. 1993). Some may say that the government succeeded in bringing down the Aboriginal peoples, but they are wrong to think that they will stay down. Many Aboriginal peoples have gone on to live happy healthy lives and will continue to teach their children these ways. But, in order for the people to survive we must help and try to live balanced lives free of racism and hate (Alberta Health, 1995). Healthy communities are our greatest resource. But there are barriers that prevent us from experiencing good health and they are often as a result of our own lifestyles.Most of us have the knowledge of how to enhance our own health but knowing does not always translate into doing. Enhancing our health may require lifestyle change and habit changes, and that is difficult. It is easier to do things that make us feel good if we have resources available and support from those around us and our community (Alberta Health, 1995, p. 68). References Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. (1995). Choosing life: Special report on suicide among Aboriginal people. Ottawa, ON: Canada Communication Group.Alberta Health. (1995). Strengthening the circle: What Aboriginal Albertans say about their health. Edmonton, AB: Aboriginal Health Unit Alberta Health. Kirmayer, L. J. , Brass, G. M. , Holton, T. , Paul, K. , Simpson, C. , & Tait, C. (2007). Suicide among Aboriginal people in Canada. Ottawa, ON: Aboriginal Healing Foundation. Mussell, W. J. , Nicholls, W. M. , & Adler, M. T. (1993). Making meaning of mental health challenges in First Nations: A Freirean perspective. Chilliwack, B. C. : Sal’I’Shan Institute Society.Sinclair, R. (2011). Origins Canada: Supporting those separated by adoption; The 60’s scoop. Retrieved from http://www. originscanada. org/the-stolen-generation/ N. A. (2008, May, 16). Residential schools: A history of residential schools in Canada. Retrieved from http://www. cbc. ca/news/canada/story/2008/05/16/f-faqs-residential-schools. html Hanson, E. (2009). Sixties Scoop: The sixties scoop & Aboriginal child welfare. Retrieved from http://indigenousfoundations. arts. ubc. ca/home/government-policy/sixties-scoop. html

Governments should focus on the wll-being of ther populations rather Essay

Governments should focus on the wll-being of ther populations rather than economic growth. To what extent do you agree whith thi - Essay Example This paper is therefore designed to illustrate why and how proper balances of population well-being and economic growth should be facilitated by governments. This will be illustrated by first examining how economic growth policies can be detrimental to a population’s well-being. Secondly, this paper will examine trends in satisfaction and how well-being and economic growth perform in those trends. Speth (2008) informs that the belief that fast and abundant economic growth often comes at the price of the environment (p. 24). This approach to economic growth, while attending to the immediate well-being of the population does not take into account the well-being of future generations who will ultimately have to deal with a â€Å"perilous state environmentally† (Speth 2008, p. 24). Far too often economic policies do not take account of the sacrifices to the environment. Governments in a desire to advance economic growth place far too much emphasis on technology and far too little emphasis on the cost to the environment (Speth 2008, p. 24). Acknowledging that economic growth and modern technology are necessarily intertwined in an increasingly global economy, but at the potential cost to the environment, there must be a proper balance. ... The latter implies a responsible use of the earth’s resources for economic development. By taking this approach, the government is not only ensuring economic wealth, but looking ahead to ensure that the population’s well-being and economic growth both equally protected. Norberg (2010) also takes the position that economic growth policies have focused far too much on â€Å"simply maximising production† (p. 2). Like Speth (2008), Norberg (2010) argues that this approach to government policies does not take account of the environmental costs. As a result, warnings about environmental issues, particularly global warning are changing the way that populations perceive wealth. This together with the recent global financial crisis has cultivated a lack of confidence in how well economic growth and more especially GDPs measure the well-being of populations (Norberg 2010, p.2). Norberg (2010) demonstrates why a proper balance is required to be made between economic growth and the population’s well-being. If one take the position that the environment is just as important to the population’s well-being as economic growth, it will serve no purpose to trade one for the other. For example, Norberg (2010) argues that the Happy Planet Index (HPI) introduced by the New Economics Foundations in 2006 indicates that populations in the wealthiest Western nations rank lower on the HPI than countries in Asia and Latin America (Norberg 2010, p. 5). The obvious difference here is the greater degree of development in the Western countries which necessarily correlates with greater modernization and the corresponding damages to the environment. Countries in Asia and Latin America are obviously not as developed and therefore

Malcolm X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Malcolm X - Essay Example Malcolm writes: "My two other images of my father are two outside the home: he never pastured in any regular church of his own" (p. 7). Similar to his father, Malcolm created his own religion based on century-old traditions and values, morals and ideals. Malcolm's sister, Ella Collins, explained that Malcolm X was present at chapter meetings almost from birth. Political ideas and rebellious issues expressed in the meetings, formed personality of Malcolm and his life perception. Also, Malcolm admits that: "the image of him [father] that made me proudest was his crusading and militant campaigning with the words of Marcus Garvey (p. 8). Further, Malcolm became a militant leaders fighting for pride and self-determination of black people. Malcolm's childhood was filled with the emerging urban culture of Black America. Malcolm's rooting in the U.S. working class was incomplete. Riding the rails as a porter and later established in Harlem, the cultural capital of the Black world, Malcolm X developed a deep, if only partly conscious, sense of the peoplehood of the African American. Malcolm admits that: "it was only me that he sometimes tool with him to the Garvey UNIA meetings which he held quietly in different people's homes" (p. 8). Similar to his father, Malcolm supposed that no Black man at this time could be easily and unequivocally rooted in the working class. Malcolm's family and father was unusual in that it made the transition from the southern rural countryside to the northern urban city intact and started out as the nuclear family of the American Dream. During these years, Malcolm's father played both in the family and in the UNIA a strong leadership role. The "New Negro" concept embodied a new view of the role of Blacks in social change. It represented a further development of themes first seen in the Negro movement at the turn of the century. Malcolm's father was following a model of Black liberation popularized at this time. All these features have a great influence on Malcolm and his life aspirations. His father supposed that: "freedom, independence and self-respect could never be achieved by Negro in America" (p. 4). Further, Malcolm opposed this view fighting for racial equality and identity politics. To some extent, the full power of Malcolm's intellect was held in check due to the magnetism of his father's personality and the very special and personal role that he played in Malcolm's life. Political figure of his father had immense power and prestige, and obviously one that Malcolm X did not subject to his otherwise methodical scrutiny. It is possible to say that Malcolm used Black national ideas of his father and transform them into a separate national movement, but later expelled that nationalism from the NOI to protect its theology from internal criticism and to deflect an activist thrust which would lead to repression. For Malcolm, he embodied wisdom represented as a keeper of Negro's traditions and values. "I reflected many, many times to myself upon how the American Negro has been entirely brainwashed from ever seeing or thinking of himself, as he should, as a part of the nonwhite peoples of the world" (p. 56). These ideas helped Malcolm to create a framework for the reformulation of Black nationalism in a more internationalist and revolutionary manner and thus facilitated the linking of the Civil Rights movement with the

Growth and Development of Entrepreneurial Ventures Essay

Growth and Development of Entrepreneurial Ventures - Essay Example He outlines the resources needed in fulfilling the need identified. The entrepreneur is often responsible for the success of the business identified and its failure as well; therefore, he has to plan on how to manage the business amidst all the problems and challenges in the immediate and external environment (Peterson 2013, 10). The entrepreneur often operates in some kind of an entrepreneurship ecosystem whereby he has to plan and develop tools that he can use to obtain additional funding and other resources needed in the achievement of the identified goals and objectives (Uucbasaran 2003, 16). For instance, he has to prepare his business plan in order get assistance from the bank and other financial systems. This paper examines the development of an enterprise by one of the entrepreneurs that has become one of the greatest businesspersons in the world. With his business, he has managed to influence business practices in the world and the particular industry in which he operates. Before an entrepreneur has to begin his business, he has to ensure that he makes a proper analysis of the particular business environment he is set operate. He has to be prepared psychology to tackle all the challenges that are likely to come in the business especially at the start up stage. Many of the successful entrepreneurs in the world have explained that it is important for young entrepreneurs to focus on the kind of products they are offering and not be distracted by the competition and products offered by other large-scale businesses. They have to ensure that they design their products to meet the identified needs in the particular business environment in the best way possible (Carmody B. 2014, 4). In this case, it is always important that they focus on the simplest ideas they have identified and craft them a way that pleases the consumers in the market (Entrepreneur Media

The Influence of Technology on Contemporary Strategic Marketing Essay

The Influence of Technology on Contemporary Strategic Marketing Management Practices - Essay Example This essay also explores how strategic marketing management practices have been strengthened by conventional and latest information technologies. Examples from the health care organisation are used to support the arguments. An Overview Above all, it is important to consider the concept of ‘strategic marketing management’ to examine how technology has influenced marketing. As defined by Jobber (1998), strategic marketing management is â€Å"the approach a firm takes to securing and retraining profitable relationships with its customers.†2 It was demonstrated by Leverick and colleagues (1998) that numerous organisations have transformed their marketing strategies through the influence of technology.3 For instance, in the manner an organisation communicates with or approaches its customers and the way it carries out marketing activities. Technology, in particular, information technology (IT), helps an organisation build competitive advantage, enhance managerial outco mes, and attain more accurate and wide-ranging environmental scanning. As stated by Porter and Miller (1985), â€Å"the usage of IT enables companies to increase internal efficiency.†4 The application of information technology in marketing strategy has been talked about since the 1960s. Yet, it is only recently that strategic management has been gradually reinforced or remodelled by information technology5 (e.g. Internet marketing, database marketing, decision support systems (DSS), etc). Gaur and colleagues (2003) supports the earlier assumption that â€Å"the technological revolution is changing the nature and activities of the marketing function.†6 Traditional and emerging technologies allow the customer to communicate efficiently, directly, and openly with the marketers. By means of technology, companies are becoming increasingly informed about their customers in a more cost-effective way, which allows them to carry out direct marketing, particularly via interactiv e technology. According to Foskett (1996), the Internet has transformed marketing ‘from mass marketing to customised one-to-one marketing’7; the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) views e-marketing as a quantum leap for marketing because it facilitates genuinely customised and individualised marketing, availability of lower costs and the mass market for smaller companies.8 However, in the 1980s and 1990s, oversupply of information/data became a crucial problem. Data overload resulted in less accurate and appropriate management data. Technology created the groundwork for a better data management to work out this issue.9 Information technology provides ingenious processes of data gathering about customers’ needs, behaviour, and character. Examples of these data collection methods are online surveys or electronic mail surveys. Database methods, in addition to the Internet, have a considerable effect on strategic marketing as they help marketers refine outcomes i n seven major areas10: (1) understanding customers; (2) managing customer services; (3) understanding the market; (4) understanding the competitors; (5) managing sales operations; (6) managing marketing campaigns; (7)

Public and private spaces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public and private spaces - Essay Example However, this also meant that some people who were unaware on the streets took him literally. In fact, it was not shocking that one of the captured individual has sued him. In one instance, Borat, using a voice heavy with accent, greets a man and introduces himself, to which the man runs off, scared and, apparently, showing that he is xenophobic (Stowe & Stump, 2007: p55). While Borat did not obtain his consent to put him in the film or trailer, he could claim that he was investigating the manner in which Americans behave towards foreigners, which is guaranteed under freedom of the press. Since the reaction by the man is newsworthy, as well as in public interest, Borat is able to exploit the First Amendment to the benefit of his film. This part is especially shocking due to the total disgust on the man’s face at being approached by a foreign man who is shabbily dressed. The film, while embarrassing to those captured showing the worst in them, is socially responsible, at least compared to what really happens in the real world. The freedom of speech is also humiliated in some ways; for example, the designer Jean Paul Gaultier in his Brooklyn Museum exhibition. The exhibition is shocking to say the least and sometimes seems like a scene one would expect to see in a strip club or, at best, in the bedroom. Latching onto the notion of the First Amendment, the designer decided to exhibit articles of clothing that border on the subversive, especially when it comes to his depictions of sex. In fact, the infamous Madonna cone bra seems mild compared to some of the revealing clothing on show (Murphy, 2013: p1). The brochure accompanying the exhibition claims that humans have an intimate relationship with what they wear and that clothes are with us in private and public (Murphy, 2013: p1). While this is a logical view, what he goes on to exhibit blurs the line between what should be shown in public and what he should show in private exhibitions. In seeking to bring what people normally associate with intimacy and privacy into a public exhibition, Jean Paul Gaultier exploits and humiliates the freedoms under the First Amendment. While he does have protection under the first amendment, what the exhibition stands for should be a private affair not a public one in a public institution. At some point, it almost seems that, instead of exploring the theme of sex, which is not a bad thing in itself, he is moving towards an exhibition of how prostitution looks like. Social responsibility is totally lacking in this exhibition. Finally, there are also some instances in which the freedom of speech is celebrated, such as in the film â€Å"The Yes Men Fix the World†. In this film, the filmmakers make mock advertisements and press releases. A particularly striking one, which was quite hilarious and revealing, was the one about the US Chamber of Commerce. They were the subject of a mock press conference captured in the film, which claimed that they had altered their stance on the legislation regarding global warming and climate change (Russell & Cohn, 2013: p32). In addition, they also posted what seemed like the media center page on the website run by the Chamber of Commerc

Personal reflective journal examining key positive psychological Essay

Personal reflective journal examining key positive psychological constructs - Essay Example Everyone wants to have the freedom to do the things they want to do, this is because everyone abides in the principle of pursuit of happiness. In happiness, humans find glory, peace and freedom. What does it need to be happy? Does a person need to be rich? Strong? Influential? I believe it is more than that. There are those who have everything in life, yet they are not happy. And there are those who could not eat three times a day but are pretty satisfied with their lives. Take for example the people in Middle East, they are being threatened by wars every day. Death, starvation and fear are common elements of their day to day lives, but they could still manage to dream of a bright future for them and for their families (Burke, 1993). Whenever I hear success stories of people from Middle East in television, I realize that life’s problems could be overcome by aspiration and willingness to succeed. It’s Tuesday already, prior to my critical point of realization: I was less of an ordinary person. There was nothing exciting in my life. I worked to eat, I ate to live and I lived because I had to. While it is true that humans mature as they grow, I thought that I was just going to stay psychologically and socially stunted for the rest of my life. I always wonder why soldiers sent to the most dangerous parts of the world still manage to laugh, play cards and drinks with their friends while on battle. Perhaps this is one of the tangible proofs that life is about psychological mindset and perception towards the world (Harris, 1992, p.185). I write for a major newspaper in one of the most progressive cities in the world. My editor once said that I was one of the best writers she ever met, and that I would be a very successful author someday. I really could not tell whether she was lying or not. Well, I don’t have the capability to tell other people’s emotions, feelings and sentiments. I do not have that much friends. While my readers keep on

Examine the value of planning given the History of Urban Development Essay

Examine the value of planning given the History of Urban Development in the US from the 19th century onwards - Essay Example The planning is still on, and the American towns and cities continue to exhibit noteworthy and extensive growth. All American cities exhibit high degrees of marvelous design in the way they appear and how they function. Most of the present-day cities started by being centers of particular reasons. Some began as trade centers while others started as storage and manufacture centers. Some cities also started as agriculture and market centers where produce from surrounding lands was kept. In the history of the US also, some cities began at the junctions of large transport routes such as large rivers, ocean ports or large roads. Therefore, it can be shown that most of these cities were planned for. At the time, for example, the leaders of the people decided on the towns that were market centers or those that were administrative centers. This illustrates massive planning over time in the growth of cities. At the start of the 19th century, most of the cities were planned in such a way that they provided protection in times of war. City walls were constructed in such a way that when there was war, the rural populace would hide behind the walls. This was a time when warfare was common in the land. Such walls required massive innovation and planning so that they would serve their purpose.

Transforming organization, transforming countries Essay Example for Free

Transforming organization, transforming countries Essay The beauty of organizational transformation reflecting in the belonging countries is embedded in the leadership perspective to the emerging challenge at hand. This has to do with meeting the set-out goals of the company. The goals are clearly mapped out in the mission statement. The mission statement of an organization is a step –in and step-out tones on how to carry out an unequivocal vision of such an industry. In a changing world of ours with constant development of information technology and communication at the twinkle of an eye, it is paramount to establish here that constant ‘change’ is ‘part and par sue’ and a continuous process employed by the administration of the executive officers in charge. An organization needs a research section to constantly discover in due time, evaluate the seemingly problem at hand and the problem prospect towards evolving a systematic approach to effectively combat the problem with competitive solutions. The absence of such section presents the system to premature failure, strangulation and sudden collapse amidst overwhelming competitive market layout. But why do people resist this change? Firstly, of important is the leadership ability of the chief executive officer in charge of an organization to communicate in clear tone of the imperative need(s) for a proposed change.   An important change is not usually a sudden one. Therefore the process of change towards productive results is in all, the concern of the entire goal driven employees. Employees are left in suspicion of pending job insecurity when sidelined from the activities resulting in the change. A sector of industries who fails to achieve its sole aim of establishment within a stipulated time is a laboratory earmarked to experiment new method for possible productive running (the change). An employee in such stratum who perhaps, would perform better in newly evolving shape of the future of that sector or possibly in another sector within the same organization will do everything possible to resist a planned change with uncertainty of his/her fate afterward. Thirdly, for an employee whose employment in the organization is not grounded on merit, his spirit-willingness conformity to the written words of vision and mission statement of the industries is slack. Nevertheless, meeting the time-limit for each goal and agenda of the organization per time become a big task. On perceiving a proposed change in view, such an employee become convicted by conscience and consider himself a target for elimination while the leadership sees the need for such change in another perspective. In the absence of other alternative, he will try to oppose such change by all means. To relief employee’s anxiety over intending change Employee anxiety towards change is an obstacle to the success of the plan for the evolving new industry. To work out a yielding change, dealing with the anxiety of the employees should be part of the change process. Adequate information on why the change is necessary at such time relieves anxiety, some of such reasons could be proffering the way forward to perhaps, the gross net loss in company’s quarterly report, significant reduction in shareholders’ earnings per share, the urgent need to meet government new policy (and stipulated deadline) with the industry still having a sharp edge among competitive industries, the change in the political landscape indigenous to the company, the company’s readiness to compete on global horizon, seasonal shifts in market forces of demand and supply, among others. In engineering the change, the visionary leadership need not fidget on the outcome of employee’s retrenchment if need be. Such job relief must be done in under standing or/and the protection of such an individual’s right. Towards A learning organization Peter Senges (The Fifth Discipline, n.d) concisely defines learning organization to be corporate activities in an organization that maintain a continuous habit of development per time. A dynamic organization needs to meet the innumerable challenges of thriving in a tasking world of new discoveries. Besides the employees experience as a product from adaptation to the required skills and the economy surroundings in the industry, it is instinctive for man to naturally challenge history, instructions, precepts and possibly look for an easy way to getting still the same result or a better one of compliance in a dynamical economic demand. As part of the learning process, an organization needs to constantly meet the expectation of each individual component of a working team. Incorporation of ‘a learning organization’ scheme is necessary for an organization to evolve its own identity. Such will make it stands irrespective of employees’ inflow and outflow. Towards A successful team In the present century, ranking highest among necessities for a successful organization is a vibrant and cordial working team (American National Representative Survey, 2003). The term teamwork is a cross-breeding of productive efforts towards synergized results. Each member of a team is a living component of such system that produces the common goal. The evolution of a team is oriented in the required result. This informs the creation and kind of such team. In the turmoil of rapid generation of new customers’ demands, individualistic method is insufficient to quench the hunger for urgency and accuracy. A team needs evolve to do the job (Jackson Ruderman, 1996). Types of Team The categories of team instituted is based on three headings; the working area, the task mission, and the time requirement, and leadership structure. Functional Team: here, each integral member is from the same unit Cross-functional Team Team members assemble from various work units to evaluate and resolve common challenges. Mission Team Mission-accomplished Team – The members here prefer and implement solution to developing issues. Developmental Team This team develops new systems and products Duration Team Ad hoc The team is established for pending issues and stand dissolve thereafter the issues are resolved. Permanent Standing team is a permanent part of the work unit or the organization. Decision making of a chief executive amidst competing values Teams are meant to execute clearly mapped out tasks. The chief executive decides the pending task to be performed, assigns the type of team needed and provides the task in the organizational perspective in terms of goal and objectives. The chief executive officer collates various decision resolved by the team and make ultimate decision. It is important that the decisions are first suggested to another round of objective deliberations, the subjective points are discarded for the objective ones. True test of objectivity is measured by the relative strength of a decision over a reasonable long duration after suggestion. How CEO`s behavior is related to his tenure in office Cumulative success and failure of a CEO is a determinant to the length of his tenure duration. More importantly is his reaction to moment of failure. On the other hand, total shareholders returns over given period of years is tested for different CEOs. The CEO behavior to meeting the target of an organization is evident in the profit and consumer satisfaction yields. For different CEOs, their   behaviors is am reflection of industries differences, company’s oriented grooming before appointment or outside orientation in a similar discipline. References Carly Fiorina, Japanese chamber of commerce and industry New York, New York, November 28, 2000 Transforming Companies, Transforming Countries â€Å"Leadership in Organizations† by G. Yukl Chapters 10-13, The annual Booz Allen Hamilton study, Booz Allen Hamilton Inc, 2003. Web site- http://business2-cnet.com.com/CEOs-on-the-firing-line/2030-1069_3-1021971.html OPM, Workforce Performance Newsletter, April 1998 Phil Garrahan and Paul Stewart â€Å"The Nissan Enigma† Chapter 4 published by Mansell in London 1992).

A Walk to Remember by Nicholas Sparks

A Walk to Remember by Nicholas Sparks â€Å"A Walk to Remember â€Å" Nicholas Sparks, one of the New York Time Best Selling Author wrote his third novel entitled A Walk to Remember. It had been published in the year 1999 of October under Warner Books. The book is about the story of a 57 year old guy, and how he found his greatest love back when his seventeen. He tells how this love changes him in a way he didnt think he should be. The novel is written dedicated to his family, especially to his sister Danielle Sparks Lewis who become his inspiration in writing the novel. The story is fictional but some scenes are based on real life situation. He applied the experience of its own sister. Synopsis: The story is about a guy named Landon Carter, who is at the age of 57. It’s about how his life changes back when he was seventeen. He was Landon a reclusive guy, but everything changes when he asked Jamie Sullivan to be his date on their school party. Jamie is a good girl. She always carries a bible and always wore her ugly sweater. They are totally different but love is really great. The day he came to ask Jamie, he didnt know that it will be the start of something new. Something he didnt look forward to happen. On how he fall in love with someone named Jamie Sullivan. Reaction: The first time Ive got interested about A Walk to Remember is when Im in my third year of high school. I always read stories in wattpad and the author always mention it. They said that it was a great movie which inspired them to write their own stories. That time I didnt know it was a novel because they always mentioned it as a movie. I got a chance to watch it during my senior high, indeed it was great. Now, I needed to critic its book. At first, I didnt want to read it because I already know the flow of the story. Whats the use right? But as Ive read the book, I realized that I was so wrong. The movie is truly different from the book. Yes, it has the same concept but the flows of the scenes are entirely different. There are also some scenes that are informational which wasnt shown in the movie. Reading the novel is better than watching its film. You only need to imagine that youre on the story, and imagine everything that is happening. I was astounded on how this novel makes me feel the same emotion when I watch its movie. I even think Ive shown more emotion now that I read it. It feels like it was all brand new. I can still remember this quotation from the book, â€Å"Love is always patient and kind. It is never jealous. Love is never rude or selfish. It does not take offense and is not resentful. Love takes no pleasure in other peoples sins, but delights in the truth. It is always ready to excuse, to trust, to hope, and endure whatever comes. This has been my favorite line from the novel. That wasnt a simple quotation, it has a deeper meaning. It gives as an idea on what we need to do with our life. We must know the real purpose why we are living here, in this place. We are not here to focus on ourselves but for us to be part of the others life. To give them happiness, hope, and wisdom is our role in this world. A Walk to Remember wants us to remind that everything has its own purposes. Our life is always on God’s hand. You just need to have faith in him and surrender everything to him. For sure, everything will takes place. This story show how great can love is. Nothing is impossible that even miracle do come true. Conclusion: A remarkable book had been written again by Nicholas Sparks. He really knows how to touch our hearts. He has showed us the essence of life. On how powerful what we call love, that it can even do some miracle. This novel is a must read one. It has a theme that everyone can relate with. Film Review â€Å"Dead Poet Society† Dead Poets Society is a film directed by Peter Weir. This drama film was shown during 1989 starring Robin Williams. The story shows on how a teacher can live a great impact to his students. And how can he change the perception of his students. He also tells his student on why they need to seize the day. Characters: Protagonist Robin Williams as Mr. John Keating Ethan Hawke as Todd Anderson Robert Sean Leonard as Neil Perry Josh Charles as Knox Overstreet Dylan Kussman as Richard Cameron Allelon Ruggiero as Steven Meeks James Waterston as Gerard Pitts Gale Hansen as Charlie Dalton Antagonist Norman Lloyd as Gale Nolan Kurtwood Smith as Mr. Perry Synopsis: The story started during the time 1959. There is this guy named Todd Anderson who will take his senior high at Walton Academy. Walton Academy is a school for elite which offer prep boarding. Fortunately, his roommate is one of the most promising students at their school. Neil Perry became his roommate and the friend of Neil accepted him in their group. They are Calm Knox, Richard Cameron, Steven Meeks, Gerard Pitts, and Charlie Dalton. At the first day of their class, they were surprised by Mr. John Keating. He is their new teacher in English which is an alumnus of Walton. This educator has a different way of teaching his student. While having their lesson, he asked his students to stand on the desk, he even let them walk in a courtyard with their own way. Keating also instruct them to reap out the pages of their book in poetry. He was the one who motivated the boys to see the world in a different perspective and seize every day of their life. Reaction: Gather ye rosebuds while ye may. The Latin term for this is carpe diem means seize the day. An extraordinary life to be with, an abundant life. A movie that turns some of my perceptions upside down. Not a simply film but a wake-up call for everyone. A call for makeover. I adore Dead Poets Society for the reason that beyond the appearance is the thought of passion and a purpose driven life. It thought me that achieving all of my goals in life is not just the center of everything because if there is a great things surely there will also be greater and greatest things in life. Invisible by naked eyes but clearly seen by the heart. Just what Mr. Keating said, Yes indeed it is a battle of war and the casualties could be our hearts and souls. I was amazed at every scene because it was my first experience watching a film wherein my focus is not on the characters but what they want to import. I was also caught by this question, What will your verse be? Really, I meditate these words and asked myself if what verse I can contribute to this play. To learn from the experience of the past, to forget what is behind and to savor every moment. Poetry is more than poetry, beyond them is the life. One of the lessons I learn is that we do have different voices and I must strive to find my own voice. Maybe some people find the Dead Poets Society film a weird one but for me as I focus my attention on it, thousands of my emotions is on slide and I cant explain it through words but all I can express is that it is splendid. We must seize every step we take. In our final moments we all realize what life is all about. Dont wait until youre on your deathbed to figure out what matters most. To look things in different way, it’s not really a risk but an adventure and maybe by trying the things we thought is silly can be the better one. Stop acting and show who we really are and what the desires of our hearts are. We can go anywhere and can do anything and were not trapped in this life. Conclusion: I have watched many films but this one is something different. Tough I may say that the quality of the movie is not that good, maybe because it has been shown long time ago, but the message they want to convey is clear. It is something we need to remember and apply in our daily life. It was so interesting, touching, and knowledgeable. As a future mentor, we must really watch this kind of movie. This movie will help educator to understand his/her students. It will give us idea on how to handle and how to have a good relationship with your students. Someday, when I become a teacher, I will try my best to be Mr. John Keating to my class.