Cinematography in avatar Free Essay Example, 1000 words

It is with the challenge to bring forth a digitally crafted world that has a grip on reality that Mauro presents imagery of intergalactic romance that leaves stunning looks to all the viewers and a sense of awe at its mode of production. The natural look created by the use of bold rays of sunlight that penetrate Pandora jungle is a significant turning point created by the cinematographer and increases the sales. Mauro’s captivating previous work in the 2003 epic, Tears of the Sun, has been hired and used to create outlandish treatment of tropical foliage premise. The film is a 3-D camera system that incorporates the use of high-definition video and motion takes to create a science fiction epic. Shooting in 3-D camera system combined with Sony’s F950 CineAlta HD cameras was a lengthy process in which two cameras recorded one image from two separate angles on same horizontal plane (Dsouza 63). The distance of separation of the two cameras, the interocular determines the extent of appearance of an image in the screen. The shooting is thus enhanced by the durability of the camera and the threshold for light. We will write a custom essay sample on Cinematography in avatar or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The imagery composed of an inside image of the laboratory scenes and an exterior environment of the Pandora shrubs which had to be merged to create the physical set. The backdrop is cast on a green screen including the light source. The lighting on set on characters and structures is such that the sun is placed as it would be in Pandora. I loved this film right from the onset to its ending because of capturing and captivating ability. The film begins with a calm scene of researcher and flows through thrilling scenes to culminate into war and victory setting of the Na’vi clan. The pace of the movie is not so fast and the language used is moderate for ease of understanding of the viewers. It does not incorporate much noise as can be evidenced in other action movies of its kind. The production is clear, and this actually depicts the amount of time actually used or consumed in the production process to generate an epic of its kind. The visual used has indeed enhanced the story. The crew has been efficient in determining the lighting plan, visual sets and fixtures and so was able to know how to work on low ceilings and beams of support (Dobbie 86). Platform garments and robot tools were used to enhance the scene and the production crew had to ensure that the lighting was above and still maintain the green sheen. In this case, the converging and interocular would be maintained in the images.

What Is the Oedipus Complex

Sigmund Freud coined the term Oedipus Complex to describe the rivalry a child develops with their same-sex parent for the sexual attentions of their opposite-sex parent. It is one of Freud’s most well-known but controversial ideas. Freud detailed the Oedipus Complex as part of his psychosexual stage theory of development. Key Takeaways: Oedipus Complex According to Freuds psychosexual stage theory of development, the child goes through five stages that lead to the development of his or her personality: oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital.The Oedipus Complex describes the rivalry a child develops with their same-sex parent for the sexual attentions of their opposite-sex parent, and it is the major conflict of the Phallic stage of Freud’s theory, which takes place between 3 and 5 years old.While Freud proposed there was an Oedipus Complex for both girls and boys, his ideas about the complex in boys were much better developed, while his ideas about girls have been the source of a great deal of criticism. Origins The Oedipus Complex was first outlined in Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams in 1899, but he didn’t label the concept until 1910. The complex was named after the title character in Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex. In this Greek tragedy, Oedipus is abandoned by his parents as a baby. Then, as an adult, Oedipus unknowingly kills his father and marries his mother. Freud felt Oedipus’ lack of awareness of his predicament was much like a child’s because a child’s sexual desire for their opposite-sex parent and aggression and envy towards their same-sex parent is unconscious. Freud was more successful at developing his ideas about the complex in boys than in girls. Development of the Oedipus Complex The Oedipus Complex develops during the Phallic stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, which takes place between the ages of 3 and 5. At that time, a boy starts to unconsciously desire his mother. However, he soon learns he can’t act on his desires. At the same time he notices his father receives the affections from his mother that he covets, causing jealousy and rivalry. Although the boy fantasizes about challenging his father, he knows he couldn’t do so in real life. Also, the boy’s confused by his conflicting feelings towards his father—although he’s envious of his father, he also loves and needs him. Furthermore, the boy develops castration anxiety, a concern that the father will castrate him as punishment for his feelings. Resolution of the Oedipus Complex The boy uses a series of defense mechanisms to resolve the Oedipus Complex. He uses repression to relegate his incestuous feelings towards his mother to the unconscious. He also represses his feelings of rivalry towards his father by identifying with him instead. By holding his father up as a role model, the boy no longer has to fight him. Instead, he learns from him and becomes more like him. It is at this point that the boy develops a superego, the conscience of the personality. The superego adopts the values of the boy’s parents and other authority figures, which gives the child an internal mechanism to guard against inappropriate impulses and actions. At each stage of Freuds theory of development, children must resolve a central conflict in order to move on to the next stage. If the child fails to do so, they will not develop a healthy adult personality. Thus, the boy must resolve the Oedipus Complex during the Phallic stage. If this doesn’t happen, in adulthood the boy will experience difficulties in the areas of competition and love. In the case of competition, the adult may apply his experience of rivalry with his father to other men, causing him to feel apprehensive and guilty about competing with them. In the case of love, the man may become mother-fixated, inadvertently seeking out significant others that resemble his mother. The Electra Complex Freud also specified an Oedipus Complex for little girls, called the Electra Complex, a reference to another Greek mythological figure. The Electra Complex begins when the girl realizes she lacks a penis. She blames her mother, developing resentment towards her as well as penis envy. At the same time, the girl starts to see her father as a love object. When she learns she can’t act on her affections for her father but her mother can, she becomes jealous of her mother. Eventually,  the girl gives up her incestuous and rivalrous feelings, identifies with the mother, and develops a superego. However, unlike Freuds conclusions about the resolution of the Oedipus Complex in little boys, he wasn’t sure why the complex resolved in little girls. Freud reasoned that perhaps the little girl is motivated by worries of the loss of her parents’ love. Freud also believed that the girl develops a weaker superego because the resolution of the girl’s complex isn’t driven by something as concrete as castration anxiety. If the girl fails to resolve the Electra Complex at the Phallic stage she may develop similar difficulties as an adult as a boy who fails to resolve the Oedipus Complex, including becoming father-fixated when it comes to significant others. Freud also noted that the disappointment the girl felt when she learned she lacked a penis could result in a masculinity complex as an adult. This could cause a woman to avoid intimacy with men because such intimacy would remind her of what she lacks. Instead, she may try to rival and surpass men by becoming excessively aggressive.   Criticisms and Controversies While the concept of the Oedipus Complex endures, many criticisms have been leveled at it over the years. Freud’s ideas about the Oedipus Complex in girls, in particular, were highly controversial from the time he first presented them. Many felt it was incorrect to apply a masculine understanding of sexuality to girls, arguing that girls’ sexuality may mature in different ways than boys. Others argued that Freud’s biases towards women were culturally based. For example, psychoanalytic writer Clara Thompson refuted Freud’s idea that penis envy is biologically based. Instead, she pointed out that girls envy boys because they often lack the same privileges and opportunities. Thus, penis envy isn’t due to a literal desire, but a symbolic one for equal rights. Some also objected to Freud’s ideas about women’s inferior morality, arguing they are reflective of his own prejudices. And in fact, research has shown that boys and girls can develop equally strong senses of morality.   In addition, while Freud argued that the Oedipus Conflict is universal, anthropologists like Malinowski countered that the nuclear family is not the standard in every culture. Malinowskis study of the Trobriand Islanders found that relationships between father and son were good. Instead, it was the sons uncle that served as his disciplinarian. In this case, then, the Oedipus Complex wouldn’t play out as Freud described. Finally, Freud’s ideas about the Oedipus Complex were developed from a single case study, that of Little Hans. Relying on only one case to draw conclusions raises questions on scientific grounds. In particular, Freud’s objectivity and the reliability of his data have been called into question. Sources Cherry, Kendra. â€Å"What is an Oedipus Complex?† Verywell Mind, 20 Sept. 2018, https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-an-oedipal-complex-2795403Crain, William. Theories of Development: Concepts and Applications. 5th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall. 2005.McLeod, Saul. â€Å"Oedipal Complex.† Simply Psychology, 3 Sept. 2018, https://www.simplypsychology.org/oedipal-complex.htmlMcAdams, Dan. The Person: An Introduction to the Science of Personality Psychology. 5th ed., Wiley, 2008.

Development of a Clinical Practice guideline for Acute Care Nursing Free Essays

Clinical practice guidelines are formulated as a necessity to provide uniformity in the nursing field, cut down costs involved and improve the quality of care offered to patients. One of the most important ways of developing a practical and effective guideline is the systematic review of literature on this area since extensive and credible research has been carried out and documented by qualified professionals. It is important to examine whether the formulation of such guidelines has helped influence the conduct of nurses and by extension to evaluate the extent, if any that the provision of health care has benefited from such guidelines. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of a Clinical Practice guideline for Acute Care Nursing or any similar topic only for you Order Now It becomes essential to consider specifically the various areas of intensive medicine since the importance of the department makes it a necessity to have clear, uniform and sustainable practices that fosters discipline, acquisition of new knowledge and a diligence in ensuring that exact and prompt care is administered to save lives. Introduction Nursing is a vital part of our society due to the mortal nature of humanity. The average human person cannot live his whole life without need to acquire some medical attention due to either ailment or injury. Nurses therefore provide the necessary care in ensuring that people receive treatment of their various ailments and injuries and hence the role of the nurse is to foster good health and maintain good quality of life. Nurses work under all kinds of environment depending on the nature of ailment, preferences of the patients, personal choices that are influenced by various social and economic factors and in accordance to the laws and guidelines of the various institutions that have jurisdiction over the conduct of nurses under their authorities. These institutions might range from federal and state governments, registration and oversight bodies and specific hospitals in which individual nurses are attached. There are many fields in medicine and nurses work in all these departments depending on the specificity of the fields they have received training in. This paper will dwell on the area of acute care provision since as a student specializing in this field; it is common logic that my review should rotate within the educational confines of this field. The area of acute care nursing usually involves attending to patients within the intensive unit set up and is mainly patients whose lives are in danger due to fatal ailments and serious injuries. The history of the development of intensive unit care can be traced to Florence Nightingale and the contribution it has brought to the field of medicine is monumental if the great number of lives saved can be a testimony of its importance and success. It is important that nurses receive sufficient training since their occupation involves saving lives or restoring health regardless of whether assisting medics or administering such services independently. Education then becomes a vital part in the development of the nursing profession and hospitals have recognized the importance of education and by extension, hospitals are mandating that their nurses update their training annually (Kurjak Chervenak, 2006). There is a lot of prudence and common sense behind such directives, most of which are due to the increasing innovations in technology, medicines and methodologies in the field of medicine and nursing. Nurses, especially acute care nurses are required to have accurate knowledge in operating various machines employed in treating patients and since many improvements and new inventions are a daily occurrence, failure to have current knowledge might be a cause for catastrophe and civil liability thereafter. Guidelines are used to ensure that new findings in nursing are used to ensure that gains are felt in the nursing sector to ensure that all stake holders benefit. Good guidelines should be based on evidence and the best way to collect such evidence is through systematic reviews of the existing literature (Silagy, 2001). However, since several literatures exists on this field and the nature of the many changes in technology and technique that have occurred through the ages, it is necessary to limit your review to materials produced in the near past. The actual period one chooses to examine might be determined by several factors but among them might be the length of the systematic review with a small review like this one going back 5 to 10 years. This means that knowledge contained in these primary documents is current and a reflection of the present condition of nursing sector and guidelines based on such materials will act as an improving factor in the current health service provision. How to cite Development of a Clinical Practice guideline for Acute Care Nursing, Papers

Conservative vs Liberal Beliefs free essay sample

Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs Copyright 2005 (revised 2010) StudentNewsDaily. com We all want the same things in life. We want freedom; we want the chance for prosperity; we want as few people suffering as possible; we want healthy children; we want to have crime-free streets. The argument is how to achieve them†¦ LIBERALS – believe in government action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all. It is the duty of the government to alleviate social ills and to protect civil liberties and individual and human rights. Believe the role of the government should be to guarantee that no one is in need. Liberal policies generally emphasize the need for the government to solve problems. | CONSERVATIVES – believe in personal responsibility, limited government, free markets, individual liberty, traditional American values and a strong national defense. Believe the role of government should be to provide people the freedom necessary to pursue their own goals. Conservative policies generally emphasize empowerment of the individual to solve problems. | ISSUE| LIBERAL| CONSERVATIVE| Abortion| A woman has the right to decide what happens with her body. A fetus is not a human life, so it does not have separate individual rights. The government should provide taxpayer funded abortions for women who cannot afford them. The decision to have an abortion is a personal choice of  a woman regarding her own body and the government must protect this right. Women have the right to affordable, safe and legal abortions, including partial birth abortion. | Human life begins at conception. Abortion is the murder of a human being. An unborn baby, as a living human being, has separate rights from those of the mother. Oppose taxpayer-funded abortion. Taxpayer dollars should not be used for the government to provide abortions. Support legislation to prohibit partial birth abortions, called the â€Å"Partial Birth Abortion* Ban†(*Partial Birth Abortion:   the killing of an unborn baby of at least 20 weeks by pulling it out of the birth canal with forceps, but leaving the head inside. An incision is made in the back of the baby’s neck and the brain tissue is suctioned out. The head is then removed from the uterus. )| Affirmative Action| Due to prevalent racism in the past, minorities were deprived of the same education and employment opportunities as whites. The government must work to make up for that. America is still a racist society, therefore a federal affirmative action law is necessary. Due to unequal opportunity, minorities still lag behind whites in all statistical measurements of success. | Individuals should be admitted to schools and hired for jobs based on their ability. It is unfair to use race as a factor in the selection process. Reverse-discrimination is not a solution for racism. Some individuals in society are racist, but American society as a whole is not. Preferential treatment of certain races through affirmative action is wrong. Death Penalty| The death penalty should be abolished. It is inhumane and is ‘cruel and unusual’ punishment. Imprisonment is the appropriate punishment for murder. Every execution risks killing an innocent person. | The death penalty is a punishment that fits the crime of murder; it is neither ‘cruel’ nor ‘unusual. ’   Executing a murderer is the appr opriate punishment for taking an innocent life. | Economy| A market system in which government regulates the economy is best. Government must protect citizens from the greed of big business. Unlike the private sector, the government is motivated by public interest. Government regulation in all areas of the economy is needed to level the playing field. | The free market system, competitive capitalism, and private enterprise create the greatest opportunity and the highest standard of living for all. Free markets produce more economic growth, more jobs and higher standards of living than those systems burdened by excessive government regulation. | Education school vouchers charter schools| Public schools are the best way to educate students. Vouchers take money away from public schools. Government should focus additional funds on existing public schools, raising teacher salaries and reducing class size. | School vouchers create competiton and therefore encourage schools to improve performance. Vouchers will give all parents the right to choose good schools for their children, not just those who can afford private schools. | Embryonic Stem Cell Research| Support the use of embryonic stem cells for research. It is necessary (and ethical) for the government to fund embryonic stem cell research, which will assist scientists in finding treatments and cures for diseases. An embryo is not a human. The tiny blastocyst (embryos used in embryonic stem cell research) has no human features. Experimenting on embryos/embryonic stem cells is not murder. Embryonic stem cells have the potential to cure chronic and degenerative diseases which current medicine has been unable to effectively treat. Embryonic stem cells have been shown to be effective in treating heart damage in mice. | Support the use of adult and umbilical cord stem cells only for research. It is morally and ethically wrong for the government to fund embryonic stem cell research. Human life begins at conception. The extraction of stem cells from an embryo requires its destruction. In other words, it requires that a human life be killed. Adult stem cells have already been used to treat spinal cord injuries, Leukemia, and even Parkinson’s disease. Adult stem cells are derived from umbilical cords, placentas, amniotic fluid, various tissues and organ systems like skin and the liver, and even fat obtained from liposuction. Embryonic stem cells have not been successfully used to help cure disease. | Energy| Oil is a depleting resource. Other sources of energy must be explored. The government must produce a national plan for all energy resources and subsidize (partially pay for) alternative energy research and production. Support increased exploration of alternative energy sources such as wind and solar power. Support government control of gas and electric industries. | Oil, gas and coal are all good sources of energy and are abundant in the U. S. Oil drilling should be increased both on land and at sea. Increased domestic production creates lower prices and less dependence on other countries for oil. Support increased production of nuclear energy. Wind and solar sources will never provide plentiful, affordable sources of power. Support private ownership of gas and electric industries. | Euthanasia    Physician-assisted suicide| Euthanasia should be legalized. A person has a right to die with dignity, by his own choice. A terminally ill person should have the right to choose to end pain and suffering. It is wrong for the government to take away the means for a terminally ill person to hasten his death. It is wrong to force a person to go through so much pain and suffering. Legalizing euthanasia would not lead to doctor-assisted suicides of non-critical patients. Permitting euthanasia would reduce health care costs, which would then make funds available for those who could truly benefit from medical care. | Neither euthanasia nor physician-assisted suicide should be legalized. It is immoral and unethical to deliberately end the life of a terminally ill person (euthanasia), or enable another person to end their own life (assisted suicide). The goal should be compassionate care and easing the suffering of terminally ill people. Legalizing euthanasia could lead to doctor-assisted suicides of non-critical patients. If euthanasia were legalized, insurance companies could pressure doctors to withhold life-saving treatment for dying patients. Many religions prohibit suicide and euthanasia. These practices devalue human life. | Global Warming/ Climate Change| Global warming is caused by an increased production of carbon dioxide through the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas). The U. S. is a major contributor to global warming because it produces 25% of the world’s carbon dioxide. Proposed laws to reduce carbon emissions in the U. S. are urgently needed and should be enacted immediately to save the planet. Many reputable scientists support this theory. | Change in global temperature is natural over long periods of time. Science has not shown that humans can affect permanent change to the earth’s temperature. Proposed laws to reduce carbon emissions will do nothing to help the environment and will cause significant price increases for all. Many reputable scientists support this theory. | Gun Control| The Second Amendment does not give citizens the right to keep and bear arms, but only allows for the state to keep a militia (National Guard). Individuals do not need guns for protection; it is the role of local and federal government to protect the people through law enforcement agencies and the military. Additional gun control laws are necessary to stop gun violence and limit the ability of criminals to obtain guns. More guns mean more violence. | The Second Amendment gives citizens the right to keep and bear arms. Individuals have the right to defend themselves. There are too many gun control laws–additional laws will not lower gun crime rates. What is needed is enforcement of current laws. Gun control laws do not prevent criminals from obtaining guns. More guns in the hands of law-abiding citizens mean less crime. | Health Care| Support free or low-cost government controlled health care. There are millions of Americans who can’t afford health care and are deprived of this basic right. Every American has a right to affordable health care. The governement should provide equal health care benefits for all, regardless of their ability to pay. | Support competetive, free market health care system. All Americans have access to health care. The debate is about who should pay for it. Free and low-cost governement-run programs (socialized medicine) result in higher costs and everyone receiving the same poor-quality health care. Health care should remain privatized. The problem of uninsured individuals should be addressed and solved within the free market healthcare system–the government should not control healthcare. | Homeland SecurityNOTE – there are many facets to Homeland Security. This entry focuses on airport security. | Airport security – Passenger profiling is wrong, period. Selection of  passengers for extra security screening should be random. Using other criteria (such as  ethnicity)  is discriminatory and offensive to Arabs and Muslims, who are generally innocent and law-abiding. Terrorists don’t fit a profile. â€Å"†¦Arabs, Muslims and South Asians are no more likely than whites to be terrorists. † (American Civil Liberties Union ACLU)Asked on 60 Minutes if a 70-year-old white woman from Vero Beach should receive the same level of scrutiny as a Muslim from Jersey City, President Obama’s Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta said, â€Å"Basically, I would hope so. †| Airport security – Choosing passengers randomly for extra security searches is not effective. Rather, profiling and intelligence data should be used to single out passengers for extra screening. Those who do not meet the criteria for suspicion should not be subjected to intense screening. The terrorists currently posing a threat to the U. S. are primarily Islamic/Muslim men between the ages of 18 and 38. Our resources should be focused on this group. Profiling is good logical police work. â€Å"If people are offended (by profiling), that’s unfortunate, but I don’t think we can afford to take the risk that terrorism brings to us. They’ve wasted masses of resources on far too many people doing things that really don’t have a big payoff in terms of security. † – Northwestern University Aviation Expert A. Gellman. | Immigration| Support legal immigration. Support blanket amnesty for  those who enter the U. S. illegally (undocumented immigrants). Also   believe that undocumented immigrants have a right to: – all educational and health benefits that citizens receive (financial aid, welfare, social security and medicaid), regardless of legal status. – the same rights as American citizensIt is unfair to arrest millions of undocumented immigrants. Support legal immigration only. Oppose amnesty for those who enter the U. S. illegally (illegal immigrants). Those who break the law by entering the U. S. illegally do not have the same rights as those who obey the law and enter legally. The borders should be secured before addressing the problem of the illegal immigrants current ly in the country. The Federal Government should secure the borders and enforce current immigration law. | Private Property| Government has the right to use eminent domain (seizure of private property by the government–with compensation to the owner) to accomplish a public end. Respect ownership and private property rights. Eminent domain (seizure of private property by the government–with compensation to the owner) in most cases is wrong. Eminent domain should not be used for private development. | Religion and Government| Support the separation of church and state. The Bill of Rights implies a separation of church and state. Religious expression has no place in government. The two should be completely separate. Government should not support religious expression in any way. All reference to God in public and government spaces should be removed (eg. the Ten Commandments should not be displayed in Federal buildings). Religious expression has no place in government. | Th e phrase â€Å"separation of church and state† is not in the Constitution. The First Amendment to the Constitution states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚   This prevents the government from establishing a national church/denomination. However, it does not prohibit God from being acknowledged in schools and government buildings. Symbols of Christian heritage should not be removed from public and government spaces (eg. the Ten Commandments should continue to be displayed in Federal buildings). Government should not interfere with religion and religious freedom. | Social Security| The Social Security system should be protected at all costs. Reduction in future benefits is not a reasonable option. [Opinions vary on the extent of the current systems financial stability. ] Social Security provides a safety net for the nation’s poor and needy. Changing the system would cause a reduction in benefits and many people would suffer as a result. | The Social Security system is in serious inancial trouble. Major changes to the current system are urgently needed. In its current state, the Social Security system is not financially sustainable. It will collapse if nothing is done to address the problems. Many will suffer as a result. Social Security must be made more efficient through privitization and/or allowing individuals to manage their own savings. | Taxes| Higher taxes (primarily for the wealthy) and a larger government are necessary to address inequity/injustice in society (government should help the poor and needy using tax dollars from the rich). Support a large government to provide for the needs of the people and create equality. Taxes enable the government to create jobs and provide welfare programs for those in need. Government programs are a caring way to provide for the poor and needy in society. | Lower taxes and a smaller government with limited power will improve the standard of living for all. Support lower taxes and a smaller government. Lower taxes create more incentive for people to work, save, invest, and engage in entrepreneurial endeavors. Money is best spent by those who earn it, not the government. Government programs encourage people to become dependent and lazy, rather than encouraging work and independence. | United Nations (UN)| The UN promotes peace and human rights. The United States has a moral and a legal obligation to support the United Nations (UN). The U. S. should not act as a sovereign nation, but as one member of a world community. The U. S. should submit its national interests to the greater good of the global community (as defined by the UN). The U. S. should defer to the UN in military/peacekeeping matters. The United Nations Charter gives the United Nations Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. U. S. troops should submit to UN command. | The UN has repeatedly failed in its essential mission to promote world peace and human rights. The wars, genocide and human rights abuses taking place in many Human Rights Council member states (and the UN’s failure to stop them) prove this point. History shows that the United States, not the UN, is the global force for spreading freedom, prosperity, tolerance and peace. The U. S. should never subvert its national interests to those of the UN. The U. S. should never place troops under UN control. U. S. military should always wear the U. S. military uniform, not that of UN peacekeepers. [Opinions vary on whether the U. S. should withdraw from the UN. ]| War on Terror/Terrorism| Global warming, not terrorism, poses the greatest threat to the U. S. , according to Democrats in Congress. Terrorism is a result of arrogant U. S. foreign policy. Good diplomacy is the best way to deal with terrorism. Relying on military force to defeat terrorism creates hatred that leads to more terrorism. Captured terrorists should be handled by law enforcement and tried in civilian courts. | Terrorism poses one of the greatest threats to the U. S. The world toward which the militant Islamists strive cannot peacefully co-exist with the Western world. In the last decade, militant Islamists have repeatedly attacked Americans and American interests here and abroad. Terrorists must be stopped and destroyed. The use of intelligence-gathering and military force are the best ways to defeat terrorism around the world. Captured terrorists should be treated as enemy combatants and tried in military courts. | Welfare| Support welfare, including long-term welfare. Welfare is a safety net which provides for the needs of the poor. Welfare is necessary to bring fairness to American economic life. It is a device for protecting the poor. | Oppose long-term welfare. Opportunities should be provided to make it possible for those in need to become self-reliant. It is far more compassionate and effective to encourage people to become self-reliant, rather than allowing them to remain dependent on the government for provisions. |